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Alan Jay Lerner (August 31, 1918 – June 14, 1986) was an American lyricist and librettist. In collaboration with Frederick Loewe, and later Burton Lane, he created some of the world's most popular and enduring works of musical theatre for both the stage and on film. He won three Tony Awards and three Academy Awards, among other honors. ==Biography== Born in New York City, he was the son of Edith Adelson Lerner and Joseph Jay Lerner, whose brother, Samuel Alexander Lerner, was founder and owner of the Lerner Stores, a chain of dress shops. One of Lerner's cousins was the radio comedian/television game show panelist Henry Morgan. Lerner was educated at Bedales School in England, The Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Wallingford, Connecticut, (where he wrote "The Choate Marching Song") and Harvard. He attended both Camp Androscoggin and Camp Greylock.〔("The Executive Life; And No One Mentions The Many Mosquitoes" )''New York Times'', June 14, 1992〕 At both Choate and Harvard, Lerner was a classmate of John F. Kennedy; at Choate they had worked together on the yearbook staff.〔( "Alan Jay Lerner" biography ) tcm.com, accessed August 1, 2009〕 Like Cole Porter at Yale and Richard Rodgers at Columbia, his career in musical theater began with his collegiate contributions, in Lerner's case to the annual Harvard Hasty Pudding musicals.〔Green, p.238〕 During the summers of 1936 and 1937, Lerner studied music composition at Juilliard. While attending Harvard, he lost his sight in his left eye due to an accident in the boxing ring. In 1957, Lerner and Leonard Bernstein, another of Lerner's college classmates, collaborated on "Lonely Men of Harvard," a tongue-in-cheek salute to their alma mater. Due to his injury, Lerner could not serve in World War II. Instead he wrote radio scripts, including ''Your Hit Parade'', until he was introduced to Austrian composer Frederick Loewe, who needed a partner, in 1942 at the Lamb's Club. While at the Lamb's, he also came upon Lorenz Hart, and he helped transform Lerner into his protégé. Lerner and Loewe's first collaboration was a musical adaptation of Barry Conners's farce ''The Patsy'' called ''Life of the Party'' for a Detroit stock company. The lyrics were mostly written by Earle Crooker, but he had left the project, with the score needing vast improvement. It enjoyed a nine-week run and encouraged the duo to join forces with Arthur Pierson for ''What's Up?'', which opened on Broadway in 1943. It ran for 63 performances and was followed two years later by ''The Day Before Spring''.〔Green, p. 239〕 Their first hit was ''Brigadoon'' (1947), a romantic fantasy set in a mystical Scottish village, directed by Robert Lewis. It was followed in 1951 by the less successful Gold Rush story ''Paint Your Wagon''. Lerner worked with Kurt Weill on the stage musical ''Love Life'' (1948) and Burton Lane on the movie musical ''Royal Wedding'' (1951). In that same year Lerner also wrote the Oscar-winning original screenplay for ''An American in Paris'', produced by Arthur Freed and directed by Vincente Minnelli. This was the same team who would later join with Lerner and Loewe to create ''Gigi''. In 1956, Lerner and Loewe unveiled ''My Fair Lady''. Before finishing the musical, Lerner was eager to write while ''My Fair Lady'' was taking so long to complete. Burton Lane and Lerner were working on a musical about Li'l Abner. Gabriel Pascal owned the rights to ''Pygmalion'', which had been unsuccessful with other composers who tried to adapt it into a musical. Arthur Schwartz and Howard Dietz first tried, and then Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II attempted, but gave up and Hammerstein told Lerner "Pygmalion had no subplot". Lerner and Loewe's adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's ''Pygmalion'' retained his social commentary and added appropriate songs for the characters of Henry Higgins and Liza Doolittle, played originally by Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews. It set box-office records in New York and London. When brought to the screen in 1964, the movie version would win eight Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Actor for Rex Harrison. Lerner and Loewe's run of success continued with their next project, a film adaptation of stories from Colette, the Academy Award winning film musical ''Gigi'', starring Leslie Caron, Louis Jourdan and Maurice Chevalier. The film won all of its nine Oscar nominations, a record at that point in time, and a special Oscar for co-star Maurice Chevalier. The Lerner-Loewe partnership cracked under the stress of producing the Arthurian ''Camelot'' in 1960, with Loewe resisting Lerner's desire to direct as well as write when original director Moss Hart suffered a heart attack in the last few months of rehearsals, and would die shortly after the show's premiere. Lerner was hospitalized with bleeding ulcers while Loewe continued to have heart troubles. ''Camelot'' was a hit nonetheless, with a poignant coda; immediately following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, his widow told ''Life'' magazine that JFK's administration reminded her of the "one brief shining moment" of Lerner and Loewe's ''Camelot''. To this day, ''Camelot'' is invoked to describe the idealism, romance, and tragedy of the Kennedy years. Loewe retired to Palm Springs, California while Lerner went through a series of musicals,some successful,some not, with such composers as André Previn (''Coco''), John Barry (''Lolita, My Love''), Leonard Bernstein (''1600 Pennsylvania Avenue''), Burton Lane (''Carmelina'') and Charles Strouse (''Dance a Little Closer'', based on the film, ''Idiot's Delight'', nicknamed ''Close A Little Faster'' by Broadway wags because it closed on opening night). Most biographers blame Lerner's professional decline on the lack of a strong director with whom Lerner could collaborate, as Neil Simon did with Mike Nichols or Stephen Sondheim with Harold Prince (Moss Hart, who had directed ''My Fair Lady,'' died shortly after ''Camelot'' opened). In 1965 Lerner collaborated again with Burton Lane on the musical ''On a Clear Day You Can See Forever'', which was adapted for film in 1970. At this time, Lerner was hired by film producer Arthur P. Jacobs to write a treatment for an upcoming film project, ''Doctor Dolittle'', but Lerner abrogated his contract after several non-productive months of non-communicative procrastination and was replaced with Leslie Bricusse. Lerner was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1971. In 1973, Lerner coaxed Fritz Loewe out of retirement to augment the ''Gigi'' score for a musical stage adaptation. The following year they collaborated on a musical film version of ''The Little Prince'', based on the classic children's tale by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. This film was a critical and box office failure, but has gained a modern following. Lerner's autobiography ''The Street Where I Live'' (1978), was an account of three of his and Loewe's successful collaborations, ''My Fair Lady'', ''Gigi'', and ''Camelot'' along with personal information. In the last year of his life he published ''The Musical Theatre: A Celebration'', a well-reviewed history of the theatre replete with personal anecdotes and his trademark wit. A book of Lerner's lyrics entitled ''A Hymn To Him'', edited by British writer Benny Green, was published in 1987. At the time of Lerner's death, he had just begun to write lyrics for ''The Phantom of the Opera'', and was replaced by Charles Hart. He also had been working with Gerard Kenny and Kristi Kane (libretto) in London on a musical version of the classic film ''My Man Godfrey''. He received an urgent call from Andrew Lloyd Webber who wanted him to write the lyrics to ''The Phantom of the Opera'', for which he wrote "Masquerade". He then informed Webber that he wanted to leave the project, as he was losing his memory (due to an undiagnosed brain tumor).〔 Citron, Stephen. Sondheim and Lloyd-Webber (2001), Oxford University Press US, ISBN 0-19-509601-0, p. 330〕 He had turned down an invitation to write the English-language lyrics for the musical version of ''Les Misérables''.〔Behr, Edward. ''The Complete Book of Les Misérables'' (1993),Arcade Publishing, ISBN 1-55970-156-0, p. 62〕 After Lerner's death, Paul Blake made a musical revue based on Lerner's lyrics and life. ''Almost Like Being in Love'' featured music by Frederick Loewe, Burton Lane, André Previn, Charles Strouse, and Kurt Weill. The show ran for only 10 days at the Herbst Theatre in San Francisco. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alan Jay Lerner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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